# Forge [![npm package](https://nodei.co/npm/node-forge.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true&stars=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/node-forge/) [![Build Status](https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/workflows/Main%20Checks/badge.svg)](https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Main+Checks%22) A native implementation of [TLS][] (and various other cryptographic tools) in [JavaScript][]. Introduction ------------ The Forge software is a fully native implementation of the [TLS][] protocol in JavaScript, a set of cryptography utilities, and a set of tools for developing Web Apps that utilize many network resources. Performance ------------ Forge is fast. Benchmarks against other popular JavaScript cryptography libraries can be found here: * http://dominictarr.github.io/crypto-bench/ * http://cryptojs.altervista.org/test/simulate-threading-speed_test.html Documentation ------------- * [Introduction](#introduction) * [Performance](#performance) * [Installation](#installation) * [Testing](#testing) * [Contributing](#contributing) ### API * [Options](#options) ### Transports * [TLS](#tls) * [HTTP](#http) * [SSH](#ssh) * [XHR](#xhr) * [Sockets](#socket) ### Ciphers * [CIPHER](#cipher) * [AES](#aes) * [DES](#des) * [RC2](#rc2) ### PKI * [ED25519](#ed25519) * [RSA](#rsa) * [RSA-KEM](#rsakem) * [X.509](#x509) * [PKCS#5](#pkcs5) * [PKCS#7](#pkcs7) * [PKCS#8](#pkcs8) * [PKCS#10](#pkcs10) * [PKCS#12](#pkcs12) * [ASN.1](#asn) ### Message Digests * [SHA1](#sha1) * [SHA256](#sha256) * [SHA384](#sha384) * [SHA512](#sha512) * [MD5](#md5) * [HMAC](#hmac) ### Utilities * [Prime](#prime) * [PRNG](#prng) * [Tasks](#task) * [Utilities](#util) * [Logging](#log) * [Flash Networking Support](#flash) ### Other * [Security Considerations](#security-considerations) * [Library Background](#library-background) * [Contact](#contact) * [Donations](#donations) --------------------------------------- Installation ------------ **Note**: Please see the [Security Considerations](#security-considerations) section before using packaging systems and pre-built files. Forge uses a [CommonJS][] module structure with a build process for browser bundles. The older [0.6.x][] branch with standalone files is available but will not be regularly updated. ### Node.js If you want to use forge with [Node.js][], it is available through `npm`: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-forge Installation: npm install node-forge You can then use forge as a regular module: ```js var forge = require('node-forge'); ``` The npm package includes pre-built `forge.min.js`, `forge.all.min.js`, and `prime.worker.min.js` using the [UMD][] format. ### jsDelivr CDN To use it via [jsDelivr](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/node-forge) include this in your html: ```html ``` ### unpkg CDN To use it via [unpkg](https://unpkg.com/#/) include this in your html: ```html ``` ### Development Requirements The core JavaScript has the following requirements to build and test: * Building a browser bundle: * Node.js * npm * Testing * Node.js * npm * Chrome, Firefox, Safari (optional) Some special networking features can optionally use a Flash component. See the [Flash README](./flash/README.md) for details. ### Building for a web browser To create single file bundles for use with browsers run the following: npm install npm run build This will create single non-minimized and minimized files that can be included in the browser: dist/forge.js dist/forge.min.js A bundle that adds some utilities and networking support is also available: dist/forge.all.js dist/forge.all.min.js Include the file via: ```html ``` or ```html ``` The above bundles will synchronously create a global 'forge' object. **Note**: These bundles will not include any WebWorker scripts (eg: `dist/prime.worker.js`), so these will need to be accessible from the browser if any WebWorkers are used. ### Building a custom browser bundle The build process uses [webpack][] and the [config](./webpack.config.js) file can be modified to generate a file or files that only contain the parts of forge you need. [Browserify][] override support is also present in `package.json`. Testing ------- ### Prepare to run tests npm install ### Running automated tests with Node.js Forge natively runs in a [Node.js][] environment: npm test ### Running automated tests with Headless Chrome Automated testing is done via [Karma][]. By default it will run the tests with Headless Chrome. npm run test-karma Is 'mocha' reporter output too verbose? Other reporters are available. Try 'dots', 'progress', or 'tap'. npm run test-karma -- --reporters progress By default [webpack][] is used. [Browserify][] can also be used. BUNDLER=browserify npm run test-karma ### Running automated tests with one or more browsers You can also specify one or more browsers to use. npm run test-karma -- --browsers Chrome,Firefox,Safari,ChromeHeadless The reporter option and `BUNDLER` environment variable can also be used. ### Running manual tests in a browser Testing in a browser uses [webpack][] to combine forge and all tests and then loading the result in a browser. A simple web server is provided that will output the HTTP or HTTPS URLs to load. It also will start a simple Flash Policy Server. Unit tests and older legacy tests are provided. Custom ports can be used by running `node tests/server.js` manually. To run the unit tests in a browser a special forge build is required: npm run test-build To run legacy browser based tests the main forge build is required: npm run build The tests are run with a custom server that prints out the URLs to use: npm run test-server ### Running other tests There are some other random tests and benchmarks available in the tests directory. ### Coverage testing To perform coverage testing of the unit tests, run the following. The results will be put in the `coverage/` directory. Note that coverage testing can slow down some tests considerably. npm install npm run coverage Contributing ------------ Any contributions (eg: PRs) that are accepted will be brought under the same license used by the rest of the Forge project. This license allows Forge to be used under the terms of either the BSD License or the GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2. See: [LICENSE](https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/blob/cbebca3780658703d925b61b2caffb1d263a6c1d/LICENSE) If a contribution contains 3rd party source code with its own license, it may retain it, so long as that license is compatible with the Forge license. API --- ### Options If at any time you wish to disable the use of native code, where available, for particular forge features like its secure random number generator, you may set the ```forge.options.usePureJavaScript``` flag to ```true```. It is not recommended that you set this flag as native code is typically more performant and may have stronger security properties. It may be useful to set this flag to test certain features that you plan to run in environments that are different from your testing environment. To disable native code when including forge in the browser: ```js // run this *after* including the forge script forge.options.usePureJavaScript = true; ``` To disable native code when using Node.js: ```js var forge = require('node-forge'); forge.options.usePureJavaScript = true; ``` Transports ---------- ### TLS Provides a native javascript client and server-side [TLS][] implementation. __Examples__ ```js // create TLS client var client = forge.tls.createConnection({ server: false, caStore: /* Array of PEM-formatted certs or a CA store object */, sessionCache: {}, // supported cipher suites in order of preference cipherSuites: [ forge.tls.CipherSuites.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, forge.tls.CipherSuites.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA], virtualHost: 'example.com', verify: function(connection, verified, depth, certs) { if(depth === 0) { var cn = certs[0].subject.getField('CN').value; if(cn !== 'example.com') { verified = { alert: forge.tls.Alert.Description.bad_certificate, message: 'Certificate common name does not match hostname.' }; } } return verified; }, connected: function(connection) { console.log('connected'); // send message to server connection.prepare(forge.util.encodeUtf8('Hi server!')); /* NOTE: experimental, start heartbeat retransmission timer myHeartbeatTimer = setInterval(function() { connection.prepareHeartbeatRequest(forge.util.createBuffer('1234')); }, 5*60*1000);*/ }, /* provide a client-side cert if you want getCertificate: function(connection, hint) { return myClientCertificate; }, /* the private key for the client-side cert if provided */ getPrivateKey: function(connection, cert) { return myClientPrivateKey; }, tlsDataReady: function(connection) { // TLS data (encrypted) is ready to be sent to the server sendToServerSomehow(connection.tlsData.getBytes()); // if you were communicating with the server below, you'd do: // server.process(connection.tlsData.getBytes()); }, dataReady: function(connection) { // clear data from the server is ready console.log('the server sent: ' + forge.util.decodeUtf8(connection.data.getBytes())); // close connection connection.close(); }, /* NOTE: experimental heartbeatReceived: function(connection, payload) { // restart retransmission timer, look at payload clearInterval(myHeartbeatTimer); myHeartbeatTimer = setInterval(function() { connection.prepareHeartbeatRequest(forge.util.createBuffer('1234')); }, 5*60*1000); payload.getBytes(); },*/ closed: function(connection) { console.log('disconnected'); }, error: function(connection, error) { console.log('uh oh', error); } }); // start the handshake process client.handshake(); // when encrypted TLS data is received from the server, process it client.process(encryptedBytesFromServer); // create TLS server var server = forge.tls.createConnection({ server: true, caStore: /* Array of PEM-formatted certs or a CA store object */, sessionCache: {}, // supported cipher suites in order of preference cipherSuites: [ forge.tls.CipherSuites.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, forge.tls.CipherSuites.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA], // require a client-side certificate if you want verifyClient: true, verify: function(connection, verified, depth, certs) { if(depth === 0) { var cn = certs[0].subject.getField('CN').value; if(cn !== 'the-client') { verified = { alert: forge.tls.Alert.Description.bad_certificate, message: 'Certificate common name does not match expected client.' }; } } return verified; }, connected: function(connection) { console.log('connected'); // send message to client connection.prepare(forge.util.encodeUtf8('Hi client!')); /* NOTE: experimental, start heartbeat retransmission timer myHeartbeatTimer = setInterval(function() { connection.prepareHeartbeatRequest(forge.util.createBuffer('1234')); }, 5*60*1000);*/ }, getCertificate: function(connection, hint) { return myServerCertificate; }, getPrivateKey: function(connection, cert) { return myServerPrivateKey; }, tlsDataReady: function(connection) { // TLS data (encrypted) is ready to be sent to the client sendToClientSomehow(connection.tlsData.getBytes()); // if you were communicating with the client above you'd do: // client.process(connection.tlsData.getBytes()); }, dataReady: function(connection) { // clear data from the client is ready console.log('the client sent: ' + forge.util.decodeUtf8(connection.data.getBytes())); // close connection connection.close(); }, /* NOTE: experimental heartbeatReceived: function(connection, payload) { // restart retransmission timer, look at payload clearInterval(myHeartbeatTimer); myHeartbeatTimer = setInterval(function() { connection.prepareHeartbeatRequest(forge.util.createBuffer('1234')); }, 5*60*1000); payload.getBytes(); },*/ closed: function(connection) { console.log('disconnected'); }, error: function(connection, error) { console.log('uh oh', error); } }); // when encrypted TLS data is received from the client, process it server.process(encryptedBytesFromClient); ``` Connect to a TLS server using node's net.Socket: ```js var socket = new net.Socket(); var client = forge.tls.createConnection({ server: false, verify: function(connection, verified, depth, certs) { // skip verification for testing console.log('[tls] server certificate verified'); return true; }, connected: function(connection) { console.log('[tls] connected'); // prepare some data to send (note that the string is interpreted as // 'binary' encoded, which works for HTTP which only uses ASCII, use // forge.util.encodeUtf8(str) otherwise client.prepare('GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n'); }, tlsDataReady: function(connection) { // encrypted data is ready to be sent to the server var data = connection.tlsData.getBytes(); socket.write(data, 'binary'); // encoding should be 'binary' }, dataReady: function(connection) { // clear data from the server is ready var data = connection.data.getBytes(); console.log('[tls] data received from the server: ' + data); }, closed: function() { console.log('[tls] disconnected'); }, error: function(connection, error) { console.log('[tls] error', error); } }); socket.on('connect', function() { console.log('[socket] connected'); client.handshake(); }); socket.on('data', function(data) { client.process(data.toString('binary')); // encoding should be 'binary' }); socket.on('end', function() { console.log('[socket] disconnected'); }); // connect to google.com socket.connect(443, 'google.com'); // or connect to gmail's imap server (but don't send the HTTP header above) //socket.connect(993, 'imap.gmail.com'); ``` ### HTTP Provides a native [JavaScript][] mini-implementation of an http client that uses pooled sockets. __Examples__ ```js // create an HTTP GET request var request = forge.http.createRequest({method: 'GET', path: url.path}); // send the request somewhere sendSomehow(request.toString()); // receive response var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(); var response = forge.http.createResponse(); var someAsyncDataHandler = function(bytes) { if(!response.bodyReceived) { buffer.putBytes(bytes); if(!response.headerReceived) { if(response.readHeader(buffer)) { console.log('HTTP response header: ' + response.toString()); } } if(response.headerReceived && !response.bodyReceived) { if(response.readBody(buffer)) { console.log('HTTP response body: ' + response.body); } } } }; ``` ### SSH Provides some SSH utility functions. __Examples__ ```js // encodes (and optionally encrypts) a private RSA key as a Putty PPK file forge.ssh.privateKeyToPutty(privateKey, passphrase, comment); // encodes a public RSA key as an OpenSSH file forge.ssh.publicKeyToOpenSSH(key, comment); // encodes a private RSA key as an OpenSSH file forge.ssh.privateKeyToOpenSSH(privateKey, passphrase); // gets the SSH public key fingerprint in a byte buffer forge.ssh.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key); // gets a hex-encoded, colon-delimited SSH public key fingerprint forge.ssh.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key, {encoding: 'hex', delimiter: ':'}); ``` ### XHR Provides an XmlHttpRequest implementation using forge.http as a backend. __Examples__ ```js // TODO ``` ### Sockets Provides an interface to create and use raw sockets provided via Flash. __Examples__ ```js // TODO ``` Ciphers ------- ### CIPHER Provides a basic API for block encryption and decryption. There is built-in support for the ciphers: [AES][], [3DES][], and [DES][], and for the modes of operation: [ECB][], [CBC][], [CFB][], [OFB][], [CTR][], and [GCM][]. These algorithms are currently supported: * AES-ECB * AES-CBC * AES-CFB * AES-OFB * AES-CTR * AES-GCM * 3DES-ECB * 3DES-CBC * DES-ECB * DES-CBC When using an [AES][] algorithm, the key size will determine whether AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256 is used (all are supported). When a [DES][] algorithm is used, the key size will determine whether [3DES][] or regular [DES][] is used. Use a [3DES][] algorithm to enforce Triple-DES. __Examples__ ```js // generate a random key and IV // Note: a key size of 16 bytes will use AES-128, 24 => AES-192, 32 => AES-256 var key = forge.random.getBytesSync(16); var iv = forge.random.getBytesSync(16); /* alternatively, generate a password-based 16-byte key var salt = forge.random.getBytesSync(128); var key = forge.pkcs5.pbkdf2('password', salt, numIterations, 16); */ // encrypt some bytes using CBC mode // (other modes include: ECB, CFB, OFB, CTR, and GCM) // Note: CBC and ECB modes use PKCS#7 padding as default var cipher = forge.cipher.createCipher('AES-CBC', key); cipher.start({iv: iv}); cipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(someBytes)); cipher.finish(); var encrypted = cipher.output; // outputs encrypted hex console.log(encrypted.toHex()); // decrypt some bytes using CBC mode // (other modes include: CFB, OFB, CTR, and GCM) var decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-CBC', key); decipher.start({iv: iv}); decipher.update(encrypted); var result = decipher.finish(); // check 'result' for true/false // outputs decrypted hex console.log(decipher.output.toHex()); // decrypt bytes using CBC mode and streaming // Performance can suffer for large multi-MB inputs due to buffer // manipulations. Stream processing in chunks can offer significant // improvement. CPU intensive update() calls could also be performed with // setImmediate/setTimeout to avoid blocking the main browser UI thread (not // shown here). Optimal block size depends on the JavaScript VM and other // factors. Encryption can use a simple technique for increased performance. var encryptedBytes = encrypted.bytes(); var decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-CBC', key); decipher.start({iv: iv}); var length = encryptedBytes.length; var chunkSize = 1024 * 64; var index = 0; var decrypted = ''; do { decrypted += decipher.output.getBytes(); var buf = forge.util.createBuffer(encryptedBytes.substr(index, chunkSize)); decipher.update(buf); index += chunkSize; } while(index < length); var result = decipher.finish(); assert(result); decrypted += decipher.output.getBytes(); console.log(forge.util.bytesToHex(decrypted)); // encrypt some bytes using GCM mode var cipher = forge.cipher.createCipher('AES-GCM', key); cipher.start({ iv: iv, // should be a 12-byte binary-encoded string or byte buffer additionalData: 'binary-encoded string', // optional tagLength: 128 // optional, defaults to 128 bits }); cipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(someBytes)); cipher.finish(); var encrypted = cipher.output; var tag = cipher.mode.tag; // outputs encrypted hex console.log(encrypted.toHex()); // outputs authentication tag console.log(tag.toHex()); // decrypt some bytes using GCM mode var decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-GCM', key); decipher.start({ iv: iv, additionalData: 'binary-encoded string', // optional tagLength: 128, // optional, defaults to 128 bits tag: tag // authentication tag from encryption }); decipher.update(encrypted); var pass = decipher.finish(); // pass is false if there was a failure (eg: authentication tag didn't match) if(pass) { // outputs decrypted hex console.log(decipher.output.toHex()); } ``` Using forge in Node.js to match openssl's "enc" command line tool (**Note**: OpenSSL "enc" uses a non-standard file format with a custom key derivation function and a fixed iteration count of 1, which some consider less secure than alternatives such as [OpenPGP](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4880)/[GnuPG](https://www.gnupg.org/)): ```js var forge = require('node-forge'); var fs = require('fs'); // openssl enc -des3 -in input.txt -out input.enc function encrypt(password) { var input = fs.readFileSync('input.txt', {encoding: 'binary'}); // 3DES key and IV sizes var keySize = 24; var ivSize = 8; // get derived bytes // Notes: // 1. If using an alternative hash (eg: "-md sha1") pass // "forge.md.sha1.create()" as the final parameter. // 2. If using "-nosalt", set salt to null. var salt = forge.random.getBytesSync(8); // var md = forge.md.sha1.create(); // "-md sha1" var derivedBytes = forge.pbe.opensslDeriveBytes( password, salt, keySize + ivSize/*, md*/); var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(derivedBytes); var key = buffer.getBytes(keySize); var iv = buffer.getBytes(ivSize); var cipher = forge.cipher.createCipher('3DES-CBC', key); cipher.start({iv: iv}); cipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(input, 'binary')); cipher.finish(); var output = forge.util.createBuffer(); // if using a salt, prepend this to the output: if(salt !== null) { output.putBytes('Salted__'); // (add to match openssl tool output) output.putBytes(salt); } output.putBuffer(cipher.output); fs.writeFileSync('input.enc', output.getBytes(), {encoding: 'binary'}); } // openssl enc -d -des3 -in input.enc -out input.dec.txt function decrypt(password) { var input = fs.readFileSync('input.enc', {encoding: 'binary'}); // parse salt from input input = forge.util.createBuffer(input, 'binary'); // skip "Salted__" (if known to be present) input.getBytes('Salted__'.length); // read 8-byte salt var salt = input.getBytes(8); // Note: if using "-nosalt", skip above parsing and use // var salt = null; // 3DES key and IV sizes var keySize = 24; var ivSize = 8; var derivedBytes = forge.pbe.opensslDeriveBytes( password, salt, keySize + ivSize); var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(derivedBytes); var key = buffer.getBytes(keySize); var iv = buffer.getBytes(ivSize); var decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('3DES-CBC', key); decipher.start({iv: iv}); decipher.update(input); var result = decipher.finish(); // check 'result' for true/false fs.writeFileSync( 'input.dec.txt', decipher.output.getBytes(), {encoding: 'binary'}); } ``` ### AES Provides [AES][] encryption and decryption in [CBC][], [CFB][], [OFB][], [CTR][], and [GCM][] modes. See [CIPHER](#cipher) for examples. ### DES Provides [3DES][] and [DES][] encryption and decryption in [ECB][] and [CBC][] modes. See [CIPHER](#cipher) for examples. ### RC2 __Examples__ ```js // generate a random key and IV var key = forge.random.getBytesSync(16); var iv = forge.random.getBytesSync(8); // encrypt some bytes var cipher = forge.rc2.createEncryptionCipher(key); cipher.start(iv); cipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(someBytes)); cipher.finish(); var encrypted = cipher.output; // outputs encrypted hex console.log(encrypted.toHex()); // decrypt some bytes var cipher = forge.rc2.createDecryptionCipher(key); cipher.start(iv); cipher.update(encrypted); cipher.finish(); // outputs decrypted hex console.log(cipher.output.toHex()); ``` PKI --- Provides [X.509][] certificate support, ED25519 key generation and signing/verifying, and RSA public and private key encoding, decoding, encryption/decryption, and signing/verifying. ### ED25519 Special thanks to [TweetNaCl.js][] for providing the bulk of the implementation. __Examples__ ```js var ed25519 = forge.pki.ed25519; // generate a random ED25519 keypair var keypair = ed25519.generateKeyPair(); // `keypair.publicKey` is a node.js Buffer or Uint8Array // `keypair.privateKey` is a node.js Buffer or Uint8Array // generate a random ED25519 keypair based on a random 32-byte seed var seed = forge.random.getBytesSync(32); var keypair = ed25519.generateKeyPair({seed: seed}); // generate a random ED25519 keypair based on a "password" 32-byte seed var password = 'Mai9ohgh6ahxee0jutheew0pungoozil'; var seed = new forge.util.ByteBuffer(password, 'utf8'); var keypair = ed25519.generateKeyPair({seed: seed}); // sign a UTF-8 message var signature = ED25519.sign({ message: 'test', // also accepts `binary` if you want to pass a binary string encoding: 'utf8', // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, binary string privateKey: privateKey }); // `signature` is a node.js Buffer or Uint8Array // sign a message passed as a buffer var signature = ED25519.sign({ // also accepts a forge ByteBuffer or Uint8Array message: Buffer.from('test', 'utf8'), privateKey: privateKey }); // sign a message digest (shorter "message" == better performance) var md = forge.md.sha256.create(); md.update('test', 'utf8'); var signature = ED25519.sign({ md: md, privateKey: privateKey }); // verify a signature on a UTF-8 message var verified = ED25519.verify({ message: 'test', encoding: 'utf8', // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string signature: signature, // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string publicKey: publicKey }); // `verified` is true/false // sign a message passed as a buffer var verified = ED25519.verify({ // also accepts a forge ByteBuffer or Uint8Array message: Buffer.from('test', 'utf8'), // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string signature: signature, // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string publicKey: publicKey }); // verify a signature on a message digest var md = forge.md.sha256.create(); md.update('test', 'utf8'); var verified = ED25519.verify({ md: md, // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string signature: signature, // node.js Buffer, Uint8Array, forge ByteBuffer, or binary string publicKey: publicKey }); ``` ### RSA __Examples__ ```js var rsa = forge.pki.rsa; // generate an RSA key pair synchronously // *NOT RECOMMENDED*: Can be significantly slower than async and may block // JavaScript execution. Will use native Node.js 10.12.0+ API if possible. var keypair = rsa.generateKeyPair({bits: 2048, e: 0x10001}); // generate an RSA key pair asynchronously (uses web workers if available) // use workers: -1 to run a fast core estimator to optimize # of workers // *RECOMMENDED*: Can be significantly faster than sync. Will use native // Node.js 10.12.0+ or WebCrypto API if possible. rsa.generateKeyPair({bits: 2048, workers: 2}, function(err, keypair) { // keypair.privateKey, keypair.publicKey }); // generate an RSA key pair in steps that attempt to run for a specified period // of time on the main JS thread var state = rsa.createKeyPairGenerationState(2048, 0x10001); var step = function() { // run for 100 ms if(!rsa.stepKeyPairGenerationState(state, 100)) { setTimeout(step, 1); } else { // done, turn off progress indicator, use state.keys } }; // turn on progress indicator, schedule generation to run setTimeout(step); // sign data with a private key and output DigestInfo DER-encoded bytes // (defaults to RSASSA PKCS#1 v1.5) var md = forge.md.sha1.create(); md.update('sign this', 'utf8'); var signature = privateKey.sign(md); // verify data with a public key // (defaults to RSASSA PKCS#1 v1.5) var verified = publicKey.verify(md.digest().bytes(), signature); // sign data using RSASSA-PSS where PSS uses a SHA-1 hash, a SHA-1 based // masking function MGF1, and a 20 byte salt var md = forge.md.sha1.create(); md.update('sign this', 'utf8'); var pss = forge.pss.create({ md: forge.md.sha1.create(), mgf: forge.mgf.mgf1.create(forge.md.sha1.create()), saltLength: 20 // optionally pass 'prng' with a custom PRNG implementation // optionalls pass 'salt' with a forge.util.ByteBuffer w/custom salt }); var signature = privateKey.sign(md, pss); // verify RSASSA-PSS signature var pss = forge.pss.create({ md: forge.md.sha1.create(), mgf: forge.mgf.mgf1.create(forge.md.sha1.create()), saltLength: 20 // optionally pass 'prng' with a custom PRNG implementation }); var md = forge.md.sha1.create(); md.update('sign this', 'utf8'); publicKey.verify(md.digest().getBytes(), signature, pss); // encrypt data with a public key (defaults to RSAES PKCS#1 v1.5) var encrypted = publicKey.encrypt(bytes); // decrypt data with a private key (defaults to RSAES PKCS#1 v1.5) var decrypted = privateKey.decrypt(encrypted); // encrypt data with a public key using RSAES PKCS#1 v1.5 var encrypted = publicKey.encrypt(bytes, 'RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5'); // decrypt data with a private key using RSAES PKCS#1 v1.5 var decrypted = privateKey.decrypt(encrypted, 'RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5'); // encrypt data with a public key using RSAES-OAEP var encrypted = publicKey.encrypt(bytes, 'RSA-OAEP'); // decrypt data with a private key using RSAES-OAEP var decrypted = privateKey.decrypt(encrypted, 'RSA-OAEP'); // encrypt data with a public key using RSAES-OAEP/SHA-256 var encrypted = publicKey.encrypt(bytes, 'RSA-OAEP', { md: forge.md.sha256.create() }); // decrypt data with a private key using RSAES-OAEP/SHA-256 var decrypted = privateKey.decrypt(encrypted, 'RSA-OAEP', { md: forge.md.sha256.create() }); // encrypt data with a public key using RSAES-OAEP/SHA-256/MGF1-SHA-1 // compatible with Java's RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding var encrypted = publicKey.encrypt(bytes, 'RSA-OAEP', { md: forge.md.sha256.create(), mgf1: { md: forge.md.sha1.create() } }); // decrypt data with a private key using RSAES-OAEP/SHA-256/MGF1-SHA-1 // compatible with Java's RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding var decrypted = privateKey.decrypt(encrypted, 'RSA-OAEP', { md: forge.md.sha256.create(), mgf1: { md: forge.md.sha1.create() } }); ``` ### RSA-KEM __Examples__ ```js // generate an RSA key pair asynchronously (uses web workers if available) // use workers: -1 to run a fast core estimator to optimize # of workers forge.rsa.generateKeyPair({bits: 2048, workers: -1}, function(err, keypair) { // keypair.privateKey, keypair.publicKey }); // generate and encapsulate a 16-byte secret key var kdf1 = new forge.kem.kdf1(forge.md.sha1.create()); var kem = forge.kem.rsa.create(kdf1); var result = kem.encrypt(keypair.publicKey, 16); // result has 'encapsulation' and 'key' // encrypt some bytes var iv = forge.random.getBytesSync(12); var someBytes = 'hello world!'; var cipher = forge.cipher.createCipher('AES-GCM', result.key); cipher.start({iv: iv}); cipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(someBytes)); cipher.finish(); var encrypted = cipher.output.getBytes(); var tag = cipher.mode.tag.getBytes(); // send 'encrypted', 'iv', 'tag', and result.encapsulation to recipient // decrypt encapsulated 16-byte secret key var kdf1 = new forge.kem.kdf1(forge.md.sha1.create()); var kem = forge.kem.rsa.create(kdf1); var key = kem.decrypt(keypair.privateKey, result.encapsulation, 16); // decrypt some bytes var decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-GCM', key); decipher.start({iv: iv, tag: tag}); decipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(encrypted)); var pass = decipher.finish(); // pass is false if there was a failure (eg: authentication tag didn't match) if(pass) { // outputs 'hello world!' console.log(decipher.output.getBytes()); } ``` ### X.509 __Examples__ ```js var pki = forge.pki; // convert a PEM-formatted public key to a Forge public key var publicKey = pki.publicKeyFromPem(pem); // convert a Forge public key to PEM-format var pem = pki.publicKeyToPem(publicKey); // convert an ASN.1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo to a Forge public key var publicKey = pki.publicKeyFromAsn1(subjectPublicKeyInfo); // convert a Forge public key to an ASN.1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo var subjectPublicKeyInfo = pki.publicKeyToAsn1(publicKey); // gets a SHA-1 RSAPublicKey fingerprint a byte buffer pki.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key); // gets a SHA-1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo fingerprint a byte buffer pki.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key, {type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo'}); // gets a hex-encoded, colon-delimited SHA-1 RSAPublicKey public key fingerprint pki.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key, {encoding: 'hex', delimiter: ':'}); // gets a hex-encoded, colon-delimited SHA-1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo public key fingerprint pki.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key, { type: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo', encoding: 'hex', delimiter: ':' }); // gets a hex-encoded, colon-delimited MD5 RSAPublicKey public key fingerprint pki.getPublicKeyFingerprint(key, { md: forge.md.md5.create(), encoding: 'hex', delimiter: ':' }); // creates a CA store var caStore = pki.createCaStore([/* PEM-encoded cert */, ...]); // add a certificate to the CA store caStore.addCertificate(certObjectOrPemString); // gets the issuer (its certificate) for the given certificate var issuerCert = caStore.getIssuer(subjectCert); // verifies a certificate chain against a CA store pki.verifyCertificateChain(caStore, chain, customVerifyCallback); // signs a certificate using the given private key cert.sign(privateKey); // signs a certificate using SHA-256 instead of SHA-1 cert.sign(privateKey, forge.md.sha256.create()); // verifies an issued certificate using the certificates public key var verified = issuer.verify(issued); // generate a keypair and create an X.509v3 certificate var keys = pki.rsa.generateKeyPair(2048); var cert = pki.createCertificate(); cert.publicKey = keys.publicKey; // alternatively set public key from a csr //cert.publicKey = csr.publicKey; // NOTE: serialNumber is the hex encoded value of an ASN.1 INTEGER. // Conforming CAs should ensure serialNumber is: // - no more than 20 octets // - non-negative (prefix a '00' if your value starts with a '1' bit) cert.serialNumber = '01'; cert.validity.notBefore = new Date(); cert.validity.notAfter = new Date(); cert.validity.notAfter.setFullYear(cert.validity.notBefore.getFullYear() + 1); var attrs = [{ name: 'commonName', value: 'example.org' }, { name: 'countryName', value: 'US' }, { shortName: 'ST', value: 'Virginia' }, { name: 'localityName', value: 'Blacksburg' }, { name: 'organizationName', value: 'Test' }, { shortName: 'OU', value: 'Test' }]; cert.setSubject(attrs); // alternatively set subject from a csr //cert.setSubject(csr.subject.attributes); cert.setIssuer(attrs); cert.setExtensions([{ name: 'basicConstraints', cA: true }, { name: 'keyUsage', keyCertSign: true, digitalSignature: true, nonRepudiation: true, keyEncipherment: true, dataEncipherment: true }, { name: 'extKeyUsage', serverAuth: true, clientAuth: true, codeSigning: true, emailProtection: true, timeStamping: true }, { name: 'nsCertType', client: true, server: true, email: true, objsign: true, sslCA: true, emailCA: true, objCA: true }, { name: 'subjectAltName', altNames: [{ type: 6, // URI value: 'http://example.org/webid#me' }, { type: 7, // IP ip: '127.0.0.1' }] }, { name: 'subjectKeyIdentifier' }]); /* alternatively set extensions from a csr var extensions = csr.getAttribute({name: 'extensionRequest'}).extensions; // optionally add more extensions extensions.push.apply(extensions, [{ name: 'basicConstraints', cA: true }, { name: 'keyUsage', keyCertSign: true, digitalSignature: true, nonRepudiation: true, keyEncipherment: true, dataEncipherment: true }]); cert.setExtensions(extensions); */ // self-sign certificate cert.sign(keys.privateKey); // convert a Forge certificate to PEM var pem = pki.certificateToPem(cert); // convert a Forge certificate from PEM var cert = pki.certificateFromPem(pem); // convert an ASN.1 X.509x3 object to a Forge certificate var cert = pki.certificateFromAsn1(obj); // convert a Forge certificate to an ASN.1 X.509v3 object var asn1Cert = pki.certificateToAsn1(cert); ``` ### PKCS#5 Provides the password-based key-derivation function from [PKCS#5][]. __Examples__ ```js // generate a password-based 16-byte key // note an optional message digest can be passed as the final parameter var salt = forge.random.getBytesSync(128); var derivedKey = forge.pkcs5.pbkdf2('password', salt, numIterations, 16); // generate key asynchronously // note an optional message digest can be passed before the callback forge.pkcs5.pbkdf2('password', salt, numIterations, 16, function(err, derivedKey) { // do something w/derivedKey }); ``` ### PKCS#7 Provides cryptographically protected messages from [PKCS#7][]. __Examples__ ```js // convert a message from PEM var p7 = forge.pkcs7.messageFromPem(pem); // look at p7.recipients // find a recipient by the issuer of a certificate var recipient = p7.findRecipient(cert); // decrypt p7.decrypt(p7.recipients[0], privateKey); // create a p7 enveloped message var p7 = forge.pkcs7.createEnvelopedData(); // add a recipient var cert = forge.pki.certificateFromPem(certPem); p7.addRecipient(cert); // set content p7.content = forge.util.createBuffer('Hello'); // encrypt p7.encrypt(); // convert message to PEM var pem = forge.pkcs7.messageToPem(p7); // create a degenerate PKCS#7 certificate container // (CRLs not currently supported, only certificates) var p7 = forge.pkcs7.createSignedData(); p7.addCertificate(certOrCertPem1); p7.addCertificate(certOrCertPem2); var pem = forge.pkcs7.messageToPem(p7); // create PKCS#7 signed data with authenticatedAttributes // attributes include: PKCS#9 content-type, message-digest, and signing-time var p7 = forge.pkcs7.createSignedData(); p7.content = forge.util.createBuffer('Some content to be signed.', 'utf8'); p7.addCertificate(certOrCertPem); p7.addSigner({ key: privateKeyAssociatedWithCert, certificate: certOrCertPem, digestAlgorithm: forge.pki.oids.sha256, authenticatedAttributes: [{ type: forge.pki.oids.contentType, value: forge.pki.oids.data }, { type: forge.pki.oids.messageDigest // value will be auto-populated at signing time }, { type: forge.pki.oids.signingTime, // value can also be auto-populated at signing time value: new Date() }] }); p7.sign(); var pem = forge.pkcs7.messageToPem(p7); // PKCS#7 Sign in detached mode. // Includes the signature and certificate without the signed data. p7.sign({detached: true}); ``` ### PKCS#8 __Examples__ ```js var pki = forge.pki; // convert a PEM-formatted private key to a Forge private key var privateKey = pki.privateKeyFromPem(pem); // convert a Forge private key to PEM-format var pem = pki.privateKeyToPem(privateKey); // convert an ASN.1 PrivateKeyInfo or RSAPrivateKey to a Forge private key var privateKey = pki.privateKeyFromAsn1(rsaPrivateKey); // convert a Forge private key to an ASN.1 RSAPrivateKey var rsaPrivateKey = pki.privateKeyToAsn1(privateKey); // wrap an RSAPrivateKey ASN.1 object in a PKCS#8 ASN.1 PrivateKeyInfo var privateKeyInfo = pki.wrapRsaPrivateKey(rsaPrivateKey); // convert a PKCS#8 ASN.1 PrivateKeyInfo to PEM var pem = pki.privateKeyInfoToPem(privateKeyInfo); // encrypts a PrivateKeyInfo using a custom password and // outputs an EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo var encryptedPrivateKeyInfo = pki.encryptPrivateKeyInfo( privateKeyInfo, 'myCustomPasswordHere', { algorithm: 'aes256', // 'aes128', 'aes192', 'aes256', '3des' }); // decrypts an ASN.1 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo that was encrypted // with a custom password var privateKeyInfo = pki.decryptPrivateKeyInfo( encryptedPrivateKeyInfo, 'myCustomPasswordHere'); // converts an EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo to PEM var pem = pki.encryptedPrivateKeyToPem(encryptedPrivateKeyInfo); // converts a PEM-encoded EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo to ASN.1 format var encryptedPrivateKeyInfo = pki.encryptedPrivateKeyFromPem(pem); // wraps and encrypts a Forge private key and outputs it in PEM format var pem = pki.encryptRsaPrivateKey(privateKey, 'password'); // encrypts a Forge private key and outputs it in PEM format using OpenSSL's // proprietary legacy format + encapsulated PEM headers (DEK-Info) var pem = pki.encryptRsaPrivateKey(privateKey, 'password', {legacy: true}); // decrypts a PEM-formatted, encrypted private key var privateKey = pki.decryptRsaPrivateKey(pem, 'password'); // sets an RSA public key from a private key var publicKey = pki.setRsaPublicKey(privateKey.n, privateKey.e); ``` ### PKCS#10 Provides certification requests or certificate signing requests (CSR) from [PKCS#10][]. __Examples__ ```js // generate a key pair var keys = forge.pki.rsa.generateKeyPair(2048); // create a certification request (CSR) var csr = forge.pki.createCertificationRequest(); csr.publicKey = keys.publicKey; csr.setSubject([{ name: 'commonName', value: 'example.org' }, { name: 'countryName', value: 'US' }, { shortName: 'ST', value: 'Virginia' }, { name: 'localityName', value: 'Blacksburg' }, { name: 'organizationName', value: 'Test' }, { shortName: 'OU', value: 'Test' }]); // set (optional) attributes csr.setAttributes([{ name: 'challengePassword', value: 'password' }, { name: 'unstructuredName', value: 'My Company, Inc.' }, { name: 'extensionRequest', extensions: [{ name: 'subjectAltName', altNames: [{ // 2 is DNS type type: 2, value: 'test.domain.com' }, { type: 2, value: 'other.domain.com', }, { type: 2, value: 'www.domain.net' }] }] }]); // sign certification request csr.sign(keys.privateKey); // verify certification request var verified = csr.verify(); // convert certification request to PEM-format var pem = forge.pki.certificationRequestToPem(csr); // convert a Forge certification request from PEM-format var csr = forge.pki.certificationRequestFromPem(pem); // get an attribute csr.getAttribute({name: 'challengePassword'}); // get extensions array csr.getAttribute({name: 'extensionRequest'}).extensions; ``` ### PKCS#12 Provides the cryptographic archive file format from [PKCS#12][]. **Note for Chrome/Firefox/iOS/similar users**: If you have trouble importing a PKCS#12 container, try using the TripleDES algorithm. It can be passed to `forge.pkcs12.toPkcs12Asn1` using the `{algorithm: '3des'}` option. __Examples__ ```js // decode p12 from base64 var p12Der = forge.util.decode64(p12b64); // get p12 as ASN.1 object var p12Asn1 = forge.asn1.fromDer(p12Der); // decrypt p12 using the password 'password' var p12 = forge.pkcs12.pkcs12FromAsn1(p12Asn1, 'password'); // decrypt p12 using non-strict parsing mode (resolves some ASN.1 parse errors) var p12 = forge.pkcs12.pkcs12FromAsn1(p12Asn1, false, 'password'); // decrypt p12 using literally no password (eg: Mac OS X/apple push) var p12 = forge.pkcs12.pkcs12FromAsn1(p12Asn1); // decrypt p12 using an "empty" password (eg: OpenSSL with no password input) var p12 = forge.pkcs12.pkcs12FromAsn1(p12Asn1, ''); // p12.safeContents is an array of safe contents, each of // which contains an array of safeBags // get bags by friendlyName var bags = p12.getBags({friendlyName: 'test'}); // bags are key'd by attribute type (here "friendlyName") // and the key values are an array of matching objects var cert = bags.friendlyName[0]; // get bags by localKeyId var bags = p12.getBags({localKeyId: buffer}); // bags are key'd by attribute type (here "localKeyId") // and the key values are an array of matching objects var cert = bags.localKeyId[0]; // get bags by localKeyId (input in hex) var bags = p12.getBags({localKeyIdHex: '7b59377ff142d0be4565e9ac3d396c01401cd879'}); // bags are key'd by attribute type (here "localKeyId", *not* "localKeyIdHex") // and the key values are an array of matching objects var cert = bags.localKeyId[0]; // get bags by type var bags = p12.getBags({bagType: forge.pki.oids.certBag}); // bags are key'd by bagType and each bagType key's value // is an array of matches (in this case, certificate objects) var cert = bags[forge.pki.oids.certBag][0]; // get bags by friendlyName and filter on bag type var bags = p12.getBags({ friendlyName: 'test', bagType: forge.pki.oids.certBag }); // get key bags var bags = p12.getBags({bagType: forge.pki.oids.keyBag}); // get key var bag = bags[forge.pki.oids.keyBag][0]; var key = bag.key; // if the key is in a format unrecognized by forge then // bag.key will be `null`, use bag.asn1 to get the ASN.1 // representation of the key if(bag.key === null) { var keyAsn1 = bag.asn1; // can now convert back to DER/PEM/etc for export } // generate a p12 using AES (default) var p12Asn1 = forge.pkcs12.toPkcs12Asn1( privateKey, certificateChain, 'password'); // generate a p12 that can be imported by Chrome/Firefox/iOS // (requires the use of Triple DES instead of AES) var p12Asn1 = forge.pkcs12.toPkcs12Asn1( privateKey, certificateChain, 'password', {algorithm: '3des'}); // base64-encode p12 var p12Der = forge.asn1.toDer(p12Asn1).getBytes(); var p12b64 = forge.util.encode64(p12Der); // create download link for p12 var a = document.createElement('a'); a.download = 'example.p12'; a.setAttribute('href', 'data:application/x-pkcs12;base64,' + p12b64); a.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Download')); ``` ### ASN.1 Provides [ASN.1][] DER encoding and decoding. __Examples__ ```js var asn1 = forge.asn1; // create a SubjectPublicKeyInfo var subjectPublicKeyInfo = asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, true, [ // AlgorithmIdentifier asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, true, [ // algorithm asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.OID, false, asn1.oidToDer(pki.oids['rsaEncryption']).getBytes()), // parameters (null) asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.NULL, false, '') ]), // subjectPublicKey asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.BITSTRING, false, [ // RSAPublicKey asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, true, [ // modulus (n) asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.INTEGER, false, _bnToBytes(key.n)), // publicExponent (e) asn1.create(asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, asn1.Type.INTEGER, false, _bnToBytes(key.e)) ]) ]) ]); // serialize an ASN.1 object to DER format var derBuffer = asn1.toDer(subjectPublicKeyInfo); // deserialize to an ASN.1 object from a byte buffer filled with DER data var object = asn1.fromDer(derBuffer); // convert an OID dot-separated string to a byte buffer var derOidBuffer = asn1.oidToDer('1.2.840.113549.1.1.5'); // convert a byte buffer with a DER-encoded OID to a dot-separated string console.log(asn1.derToOid(derOidBuffer)); // output: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 // validates that an ASN.1 object matches a particular ASN.1 structure and // captures data of interest from that structure for easy access var publicKeyValidator = { name: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo', tagClass: asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, type: asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, constructed: true, captureAsn1: 'subjectPublicKeyInfo', value: [{ name: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo.AlgorithmIdentifier', tagClass: asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, type: asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, constructed: true, value: [{ name: 'AlgorithmIdentifier.algorithm', tagClass: asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, type: asn1.Type.OID, constructed: false, capture: 'publicKeyOid' }] }, { // subjectPublicKey name: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo.subjectPublicKey', tagClass: asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, type: asn1.Type.BITSTRING, constructed: false, value: [{ // RSAPublicKey name: 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo.subjectPublicKey.RSAPublicKey', tagClass: asn1.Class.UNIVERSAL, type: asn1.Type.SEQUENCE, constructed: true, optional: true, captureAsn1: 'rsaPublicKey' }] }] }; var capture = {}; var errors = []; if(!asn1.validate( publicKeyValidator, subjectPublicKeyInfo, validator, capture, errors)) { throw 'ASN.1 object is not a SubjectPublicKeyInfo.'; } // capture.subjectPublicKeyInfo contains the full ASN.1 object // capture.rsaPublicKey contains the full ASN.1 object for the RSA public key // capture.publicKeyOid only contains the value for the OID var oid = asn1.derToOid(capture.publicKeyOid); if(oid !== pki.oids['rsaEncryption']) { throw 'Unsupported OID.'; } // pretty print an ASN.1 object to a string for debugging purposes asn1.prettyPrint(object); ``` Message Digests ---------------- ### SHA1 Provides [SHA-1][] message digests. __Examples__ ```js var md = forge.md.sha1.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: 2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e7391b93eb12 ``` ### SHA256 Provides [SHA-256][] message digests. __Examples__ ```js var md = forge.md.sha256.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: d7a8fbb307d7809469ca9abcb0082e4f8d5651e46d3cdb762d02d0bf37c9e592 ``` ### SHA384 Provides [SHA-384][] message digests. __Examples__ ```js var md = forge.md.sha384.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: ca737f1014a48f4c0b6dd43cb177b0afd9e5169367544c494011e3317dbf9a509cb1e5dc1e85a941bbee3d7f2afbc9b1 ``` ### SHA512 Provides [SHA-512][] message digests. __Examples__ ```js // SHA-512 var md = forge.md.sha512.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: 07e547d9586f6a73f73fbac0435ed76951218fb7d0c8d788a309d785436bbb642e93a252a954f23912547d1e8a3b5ed6e1bfd7097821233fa0538f3db854fee6 // SHA-512/224 var md = forge.md.sha512.sha224.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: 944cd2847fb54558d4775db0485a50003111c8e5daa63fe722c6aa37 // SHA-512/256 var md = forge.md.sha512.sha256.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: dd9d67b371519c339ed8dbd25af90e976a1eeefd4ad3d889005e532fc5bef04d ``` ### MD5 Provides [MD5][] message digests. __Examples__ ```js var md = forge.md.md5.create(); md.update('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'); console.log(md.digest().toHex()); // output: 9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6 ``` ### HMAC Provides [HMAC][] w/any supported message digest algorithm. __Examples__ ```js var hmac = forge.hmac.create(); hmac.start('sha1', 'Jefe'); hmac.update('what do ya want for nothing?'); console.log(hmac.digest().toHex()); // output: effcdf6ae5eb2fa2d27416d5f184df9c259a7c79 ``` Utilities --------- ### Prime Provides an API for generating large, random, probable primes. __Examples__ ```js // generate a random prime on the main JS thread var bits = 1024; forge.prime.generateProbablePrime(bits, function(err, num) { console.log('random prime', num.toString(16)); }); // generate a random prime using Web Workers (if available, otherwise // falls back to the main thread) var bits = 1024; var options = { algorithm: { name: 'PRIMEINC', workers: -1 // auto-optimize # of workers } }; forge.prime.generateProbablePrime(bits, options, function(err, num) { console.log('random prime', num.toString(16)); }); ``` ### PRNG Provides a [Fortuna][]-based cryptographically-secure pseudo-random number generator, to be used with a cryptographic function backend, e.g. [AES][]. An implementation using [AES][] as a backend is provided. An API for collecting entropy is given, though if window.crypto.getRandomValues is available, it will be used automatically. __Examples__ ```js // get some random bytes synchronously var bytes = forge.random.getBytesSync(32); console.log(forge.util.bytesToHex(bytes)); // get some random bytes asynchronously forge.random.getBytes(32, function(err, bytes) { console.log(forge.util.bytesToHex(bytes)); }); // collect some entropy if you'd like forge.random.collect(someRandomBytes); jQuery().mousemove(function(e) { forge.random.collectInt(e.clientX, 16); forge.random.collectInt(e.clientY, 16); }); // specify a seed file for use with the synchronous API if you'd like forge.random.seedFileSync = function(needed) { // get 'needed' number of random bytes from somewhere return fetchedRandomBytes; }; // specify a seed file for use with the asynchronous API if you'd like forge.random.seedFile = function(needed, callback) { // get the 'needed' number of random bytes from somewhere callback(null, fetchedRandomBytes); }); // register the main thread to send entropy or a Web Worker to receive // entropy on demand from the main thread forge.random.registerWorker(self); // generate a new instance of a PRNG with no collected entropy var myPrng = forge.random.createInstance(); ``` ### Tasks Provides queuing and synchronizing tasks in a web application. __Examples__ ```js // TODO ``` ### Utilities Provides utility functions, including byte buffer support, base64, bytes to/from hex, zlib inflate/deflate, etc. __Examples__ ```js // encode/decode base64 var encoded = forge.util.encode64(str); var str = forge.util.decode64(encoded); // encode/decode UTF-8 var encoded = forge.util.encodeUtf8(str); var str = forge.util.decodeUtf8(encoded); // bytes to/from hex var bytes = forge.util.hexToBytes(hex); var hex = forge.util.bytesToHex(bytes); // create an empty byte buffer var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(); // create a byte buffer from raw binary bytes var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(input, 'raw'); // create a byte buffer from utf8 bytes var buffer = forge.util.createBuffer(input, 'utf8'); // get the length of the buffer in bytes buffer.length(); // put bytes into the buffer buffer.putBytes(bytes); // put a 32-bit integer into the buffer buffer.putInt32(10); // buffer to hex buffer.toHex(); // get a copy of the bytes in the buffer bytes.bytes(/* count */); // empty this buffer and get its contents bytes.getBytes(/* count */); // convert a forge buffer into a Node.js Buffer // make sure you specify the encoding as 'binary' var forgeBuffer = forge.util.createBuffer(); var nodeBuffer = Buffer.from(forgeBuffer.getBytes(), 'binary'); // convert a Node.js Buffer into a forge buffer // make sure you specify the encoding as 'binary' var nodeBuffer = Buffer.from('CAFE', 'hex'); var forgeBuffer = forge.util.createBuffer(nodeBuffer.toString('binary')); ``` ### Logging Provides logging to a javascript console using various categories and levels of verbosity. __Examples__ ```js // TODO ``` ### Flash Networking Support The [flash README](./flash/README.md) provides details on rebuilding the optional Flash component used for networking. It also provides details on Policy Server support. Security Considerations ----------------------- When using this code please keep the following in mind: - Cryptography is hard. Please review and test this code before depending on it for critical functionality. - The nature of JavaScript is that execution of this code depends on trusting a very large set of JavaScript tools and systems. Consider runtime variations, runtime characteristics, runtime optimization, code optimization, code minimization, code obfuscation, bundling tools, possible bugs, the Forge code itself, and so on. - If using pre-built bundles from [NPM][], another CDN, or similar, be aware someone else ran the tools to create those files. - Use a secure transport channel such as [TLS][] to load scripts and consider using additional security mechanisms such as [Subresource Integrity][] script attributes. - Use "native" functionality where possible. This can be critical when dealing with performance and random number generation. Note that the JavaScript random number algorithms should perform well if given suitable entropy. - Understand possible attacks against cryptographic systems. For instance side channel and timing attacks may be possible due to the difficulty in implementing constant time algorithms in pure JavaScript. - Certain features in this library are less susceptible to attacks depending on usage. This primarily includes features that deal with data format manipulation or those that are not involved in communication. Library Background ------------------ * https://digitalbazaar.com/2010/07/20/javascript-tls-1/ * https://digitalbazaar.com/2010/07/20/javascript-tls-2/ Contact ------- * Code: https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge * Bugs: https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/issues * Email: support@digitalbazaar.com * IRC: [#forgejs][] on [Libera.Chat][] (people may also be on [freenode][] for historical reasons). Donations --------- Financial support is welcome and helps contribute to futher development: * For [PayPal][] please send to paypal@digitalbazaar.com. * Something else? Please contact support@digitalbazaar.com. [#forgejs]: https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#forgejs [0.6.x]: https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/tree/0.6.x [3DES]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_DES [AES]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard [ASN.1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASN.1 [Browserify]: http://browserify.org/ [CBC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation [CFB]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation [CTR]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation [CommonJS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CommonJS [DES]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard [ECB]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation [Fortuna]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(PRNG) [GCM]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCM_mode [HMAC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC [JavaScript]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript [Karma]: https://karma-runner.github.io/ [Libera.Chat]: https://libera.chat/ [MD5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 [NPM]: https://www.npmjs.com/ [Node.js]: https://nodejs.org/ [OFB]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation [PKCS#10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request [PKCS#12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCS_%E2%99%AF12 [PKCS#5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCS [PKCS#7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_Message_Syntax [PayPal]: https://www.paypal.com/ [RC2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC2 [SHA-1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1 [SHA-256]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-256 [SHA-384]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-384 [SHA-512]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-512 [Subresource Integrity]: https://www.w3.org/TR/SRI/ [TLS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security [UMD]: https://github.com/umdjs/umd [X.509]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509 [freenode]: https://freenode.net/ [unpkg]: https://unpkg.com/ [webpack]: https://webpack.github.io/ [TweetNaCl.js]: https://github.com/dchest/tweetnacl-js

	Stars	Issues	Version	Updated	Created
cryptico	17	1	1.0.2	10 years ago	10 years ago
node-forge	4,652	388	1.3.1	a year ago	10 years ago
node-rsa	1,310	34	1.1.1	3 years ago	9 years ago
ursa	622	66	0.9.4	7 years ago	11 years ago

cryptico vs node-forge vs node-rsa vs ursa

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